POST SCHISM - Byzantine wars and battles.

THE GREAT SCHISM OF 1054: so up until this point the Roman Catholics And Eastern Orthodox are supposed to have been "one church" doing all their war and butchery together.

1054 – (1st) Battle of Manzikert: - a successful defense of the city of Manzikert by Byzantine forces under Basil Apocapes against the Seljuk Turks led by sultan Toğrül

1057 - Hades,

1061 - Robert Guiscard invaded Sicily with his brother Roger, capturing Messina in 1061. One of many clashes with the Byzantines after the Great Schism.

1066 - The Battle of Hastings:

QUOTE: "Bishop Odo of Bayeux, William's (the Bastard or Conquerer) half-brother and second in command. fought in the Battle of Hastings using a mace in order to prevent the spilling of Christian blood."

After the 1066 battle the church demanded 120 days penance for every man killed (according to Terry Jones), so as William was responsible for 10,000 deaths that would be 3,300 days of penances, so William the Conqueror set up a string of abbeys across Britain to pray for his soul, and gain forgiveness within 18 years. This is a fine example to refute the absurdity of panances.

1067 – Battle of Caesarea
1068–1071 – Siege of Bari
1069 – Battle of Iconium
1070 - Battle of Sebastia, Manuel Komnenos defeated and captured at Sebastia by a Turkish force led by Arisiaghi .
1071 – (2nd) Battle of Manzikert: was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey). A decisive defeat of the Byzantine army. it is said this led to the First Crusade later.
1076 Emperor Shenzong sent failed campaigns against the Vietnamese ruler Lý Nhân Tông of the Lý dynasty.
1077 - Nicaea,
1078 (9?) – Battle of Kalavrye

1081 - Battle of Dyrrhachium .

1081 - 1185 : The Komnenian restoration. the military, financial, and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire.

1084 - Larissa,

1090 - the Battle of Tébar - El Cid (several battles by him), with a combined Christian and Moorish army, defeated and captured Berenguer (nowadays Pinar de Tévar, near Monroyo, Teruel).

1091 – Battle of Levounion.

1096 - April–October - The People's Crusade (Part of 1st Crusade) : Peter the Hermit leads common people and knights to attack the Holy Land, On the way they murdered many Jews in Europe, then in Hungary they plundered cities and King Koloman fought them.

The Battle of Civetot - On Arriving in the Holy Land they where they were quickly crushed by the Sejuk Turks killing about 20,000 of them.

1096: Rhineland massacres. mass murder of Jews by Crusaders in Speyer, Worms, Metz .

1095–1099 - First Crusade:

Battle cry "Deus vult" (Latin for "God wills it") at the declaration of the First Crusade by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095

Pope Urban Preaches The First Crusade (1095) In response to requests from the Byzantine Empire for mercenaries to help them fight the Sejuk Turks, who had overrun the heart of Asia Minor and taken much of the Holy Land in the decades after defeating the Byzantines at Manzikert in 1071, Pope Urban II (1088–1099) called for an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem to free the Holy Land from the hands of the Saracens.

It has been suggested this Crusade by Catholics and Orthodox, was a covert and cunning attempt by Pope Urban to reunite both religions back into one, and perhaps seeing this the Orthodox only help to start the crusade more than help finish it.

Peter the Hermit returns joining the Princes Crusade beginning the First Crusade proper.

Western Leaders in The First Crusade

1) Raymond IV of Toulouse, (the knights of Provence)

2) Bohemond of Taranto & Tancred, (Normans of southern Italy)

3) The brothers Godfrey of Bouillon, Eustace and Baldwin of Boulogne (The Lorrainers)

4) The Northern French led by Count Robert II of Flanders, Robert of Normandy (older brother of King William II of England), Stephen, Count of Blois, and Hugh of Vermandois the younger brother of King Philip I of France, who bore the papal banner. King Philip himself was forbidden from participating in the campaign as he had been excommunicated.

(all were offered remission of sins by the Pope for going to war).

Eastern Leaders in First Crusade:

1) Alexios I Komnenos

2) Tatikios

3) Manuel Boutoumites

4) Constantine of Armenia

Notice this is after the 1054 schism where they both together are still united in killing, murdering and destroying. Alexios forced the crusader armies from Europe to pledge all future reclaimed land back to the Eastern Empire (him) as they arrived one army at a time and were vulnerable to this "persuasion".

1097 – Siege of Nicaea , Alexios provides troops in the attack. Byzantine ships block harbour, city surrenders to Byzantine sailors. Alexios wont let in Crusaders, gives gift to buy their contentment.
1097 -. Battle of Dorylaeum
Siege of Antioch
1099 - Jerusalem Massacre.
Establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Battle of Ascalon

12th century: (1101 AD to 1200 AD) .

THE DARK AGES END:

Dark Ages

1 the period in western Europe between the fall of the Roman Empire and the high Middle Ages, c.500–1100 ad, during which Germanic tribes, and the Vikings, swept through Europe and North Africa, often attacking and destroying towns and settlements. It was judged to have been a time of relative unenlightenment. Essentially it is the time when heathen tribes did most of the killing instead of the pseudo Christians.

1101-1200 - with the popularity of the Cathars. Inquisition and death sentences become more common.

1101 - Crusade of 1101: called: "The Crusade of the Faint-Hearted" was a minor crusade of three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade.

Post-Crusade of 1101:

1106 - The Battle of Tinchebray.

1107-1110 - Norwegian Crusade. in the aftermath of the First Crusade, by the lead of the Norwegian king Sigurd I. Sigurd 1st was the first European king to ever go on crusade to the Holy Land, for which sin he must answer to God. Essentially it was yet another Viking murderous rampage dressed up as Christian. Not one battle during the crusade was lost.

1113 – Siege of Nicaea
1117 – Battle of Philomelion.

1119 - Creation of the Knights Templar. active until about 1312.

1122 – Battle of Beroia (Byzantine) EmperorJohn II Komnenos really was quite a blood thirsty Byzantine Emperor.

1122–24 - The Venetian Crusade.

1135 and 1153 - The Anarchy was a civil war in England and Normandy

1138 - The Battle of the Standard , very significant as the smaller English army that defeated the Scots was persuaded into a so called "holy war" by Archbishop Thurstan, who was consecrated by the pope .

1138 – Siege of Shaizar

1144 - The Siege of Edessa. the catalyst for the Second Crusade.

1145–1149 - Second Crusade:

(including the

1147 - Wendish Crusade (part of the 2nd Crusade).

1147 - 2nd Battle of Dorylaeum.

Post-Second Crusade:

Armenian Principality

1147 - Suppression of the Cathars begins, initiated by Pope Eugene III that eventually becomes attempted genocide of the Cathars.

1155 - Apulia,

1156 - Brindisi,

1163–1169 - Crusader invasions of Egypt:

1167 – Battle of Sirmium
1176 – Battle of Myriokephalon.

1172=1212 - Spanish Christian / Muslim War

1177 – Battle of Hyelion and Leimocheir

1177: The Battle of Montgisard - Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, led an outnumbered Christian force against Saladin's troops in what became one of the most notable engagements of the Crusades.

1182 : The Massacre of the Latins : was a massacre of the Catholic (called "Latin") inhabitants of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, by the Orthodox, called by the Orthodox "an assorted mob" (the supporters of the usurper (matter of perspective) Andronikos Komnenos) in April 1182. This may have been fuelled by

1) The Great Schism

2) several past battles with catholic invaders, such as Robert Guiscard invasion of Sicily,

3) The First Crusaders breaking the agreement to give conquered land over to the Byzantines.

4) The failure of the second crusade, making the Latins just look like dispensable failures and now thus cultural / religious invaders.

1184 - Arnoldists condemned - by Pope Lucius III Synod of Verona in .[3]

1184 - Inquisition in Languedoc (south of France.

Episcopal Inquisition (1184–1230s) Pope Lucius III orders to track down Catharist heretics. Als Waldensians persecuted.

1185 – Sack of Thessalonica .

1185 - Battle of Demetritzes .

1187: Alexios revolts against Isaac II and is proclaimed emperor in Andrianople

1187 - The Battle of Hattin. 4 July, .Saladin reconquered Jerusalem from the "Christians" in 1187,

1187: Battle of Cresson:

1187 – Siege of Lovech

1187 - Siege of Jerusalem.

1187 - Constantinople, Alexios defeated by Conrad of Montferrat .

1190 - Tryavna,

1191 - Morava,

1189–1192 - Third Crusade:

Kingdom of Cilicia

1190 – Battle of Tryavna

1191: Arsuf (1191) Richard the Lion Heart defeats Saladin at Arsuf.

1193 - The First Siege of Windsor Castle - Archbishop Walter of Rouen, sent a large force of knights, under the command of William Marshal, to surround the castle

1194 – Battle of Arcadiopolis
1196 – Battle of Serres

1197 - Crusade of 1197: called "The German Crusade" or "the Crusade of Henry VI" was a crusade launched by the Hohenstaufen emperor Henry VI in response to the aborted attempt of his father, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa during the Third Crusade in 1189–90. Thus the military campaign is also known as "The Emperor's Crusade."

1198-1212 - War against Livonians.

13th century: (1201 AD to 1300 AD) .

1200 - After 1200, a Grand Inquisitor headed each Inquisition. Grand Inquisitions persisted until the mid 19th century.

1201-1290 - Wars against Curonians and Semigallians.

1201 – Siege of Varna

1202–1204- Fourth Crusade:

Eastern Christian opponents:

Byzantine Empire

Latin Christian opponents:

1203 – Siege of Constantinople – First attack on Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, deposition of Alexios III Angelos
1204 – Siege of Constantinople – Second attack and capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, dissolution of the Byzantine Empire, establishment of the Latin Empire. In short instead of going on a quest to "save Jerusalem" the crusaders decided to sack Constantinople. A major event in history, and perhaps revenge for "the massacre of the Latins" in 1182?
1205 –
- Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras
- Battle of Adramyttium

1205-1427 - Byzantine–Latin wars: (many battles)

1205–06 – Siege of Trebizond. .,,,

The Three fake Emperors?

1) Emperor Alexios I of Trebizond. (Empire of Trebizond)

2) Emperor Theodore I Lascaris . (The Nicene Empire)

3) Emperor Theodore Komnenos Doukas . (The Despot of Epirus )

(a bit like simultaneous Popes?)

1204-1461 : 1) The Empire of Trebizond , one of three successor rump states of the Byzantine Empire that flourished during the 13th through 15th centuries, in the aftermath of the 4th Crusade, claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, proclaiming an Emperor (Emperor Alexios I of Trebizond)

1204-1261 :2) The Nicene Empire - claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, proclaiming an Emperor . (Emperor Theodore I Lascaris,)

1205-1214 :3) The Despot of Epirus . also claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire, proclaiming an Emperor (Emperor Theodore Komnenos Doukas half brother of Michael I Komnenos Doukas)

1206-1261 - Wars against Saaremaa.

1206 - Catholic-Cathar public debates are begun, by Diego of Osma and Saint Dominic, as an attempt at their conversion.

1206 - 1324 - Mongol Wars and Conquests. in his reign from Spring 1206 – August 18, 1227 Genghis Khan is estimated to have killed 40 million people. (about 10% of the Earths population at that time) and 1,748,000 in one hour. People fleeing from the Mongols into other countries were forced to "convert" to so called Christianity by the Catholics and Orthodox, such as King Bela IVth and were also often made to join the army.

1207 – Siege of Attalia.

1208-1224 - War against the Estonians .

1208-1224 - War against Latgallians and Selonians.

1209–1229 - The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade: was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France

1211 –
- Battle of Antioch on the Meander
- Battle of the Rhyndacus

1212 - The Children's Crusade: (there are said to have been more than one of these tragic crusades.). was a failed popular crusade by European Christians to establish a second Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Holy Land, said to have taken place in 1212. The crusaders left areas of Germany, led by Nicholas of Cologne, and Northern France, led by Stephen of Cloyes. The traditional narrative is likely conflated from some factual and mythical events which include the visions by a French boy and a German boy, an intention to peacefully convert Muslims in the Holy Land to Christianity, bands of children marching to Italy, and children being sold into slavery in Tunis.

1214 – Siege of Sinope

(1213?) 1217–1221- Fifth Crusade:

1222–23 – Siege of Trebizond
1223 or 1224 – Battle of Poimanenon

1223 - The Battle of Kalka River (Mongols defeat Russians)

1224 - 1246 The Empire of Thessalonica a short-lived Byzantine Greek state centred on the city of Thessalonica .

1227–1241 - Pope Gregory IX assigned the duty of carrying out inquisitions to the Dominican Order and Franciscan Order.

He dedicated himself to the destruction of splinter groups who divorced themselves from the Holy Mother Church. This epoch in Roman Catholic history spanned over six centuries. They suppressing, burning at the stake, torturing, expulsion, life imprisonment, and excommunication of heretics: Waldensians, Petrobusians, Berengarians, Cathars, Bogomils, etc.

1228–1229 - Sixth Crusade: started by Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II. instead of a Pope, for the first time.

1229 - The Inquisition was permanently established, run largely by the Dominicans in Rome and later at Carcassonne in Languedoc. called The Papal Inquisition (1230s).

1230-1248 - Spanish Christian / Muslim war.

1230 – Battle of Klokotnitsa – Bulgarians defeat and capture Theodore Komnenos Doukas .

1231 - Pope Gregory appoints Dominican and Franciscan Orders to take over the task of tracking down heretics.

1233 - War against the Stedingers of Friesland.

1235 – Siege of Constantinople – Unsuccessful joint Bulgarian–Nicaean siege of Constantinople.

1236 - The Battle of Saule . The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat Albert of Riga and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. sent by the Pope on a conquering mission.

1237 - Mongol Raids on Russia .

1239 - The Barons' Crusade: broadly spanned from 1234-1241.

1242 - Battle of the Ice - Alexander Nevsky defeats Teutonic Knights

1241 - Battle of Mohi The Mongols invaded Hungary and annihilated Béla's so called "Christian" army.

1246 - Battle of Leitha River:

1248 – 1254 - Seventh Crusade:

1252 - "Ad extirpanda" (the Papal bull) of Pope Innocent IV, the rules allowing torture in the Inquisition.

1249 - Rhodes,

1253 - Russia lives under the Tatar Yoke.

1254 – Battle of Adrianople

1256 - from this date inquisitors were given absolution if they used instruments of torture.

1258 - Mongols Destroy Baghdad .

1259 – Battle of Pelagonia
1260 – Siege of Constantinople

1260 - Battle of Ain Jalut - Muslim Mamluks defeat the Mongols in the southeastern Galilee, in the Jezreel Valley, This was the beginning of the fall of the Mongol empire, destroyed by internal divisions (just as European self defence was hindered by the same thing) and the black plague of 1349 devastated them on their trade routes. Then in 1368 the Ming Dynasty overthrew them seizing back lands.

1260 AD - The Battle of Kressenbrunn: was fought in July 1260 near Groissenbrunn in Lower Austria between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary for the possession of the duchies of Austriaand Styria.

1260? - Thomas Aquinas (Catholic) wrote "The Rules of Just war".
1261 (?) - Constantinople,
1263 –
- Battle of Prinitza
- Battle of Settepozzi
1263 or 1264 – Battle of Makryplagi

1264 - Thessalonica,

1270 - Eighth Crusade:

1271–1272 - Ninth Crusade:

1272/73 or 1274/75 –

Battle of Neopatras

Battle of Demetrias

1277 - Pharsalus,

1279 – Battle of Devina

1280–81 – Siege of Berat

1288 - Battle of Worringen - Archbishop Siegfried II of Cologne and Count Henry VI of Luxembourg, and on the other side, Duke John I of Brabant.[1] It was one of the largest battles in Europe in the Middle Ages. It might be argued that as Cologne broke free of the rule of Catholic bishops it was a form of early Protestantism via Proto-capitalism and medieval city states.

1291 - Siege of Acre - victory of the Mamelukes.

1296 1328 - First War of Scottish Independence.

NEW TEXT BOX.

14th century: (1301 AD to 1400 AD) .

1302 (?) 1304 (?) –
- Battle of Bapheus – First Ottoman victory over the regular Byzantine army
- Battle of Skafida – Bulgarians defeat the Byzantines
1305 - Battle of Apros -The Catalan Company defeats the Byzantines

1307: Inquisitors arrest 15,000 Knights Templar, many executed.

1309 (?) 1310 (?) - Conquest of Rhodes - Hospitaller capture Rhodes
1317-1326 - Bursa,
1320–26 – Siege of Prussia – The Ottomans capture the city of Prussa, which becomes their capital.

1323 1328 - The Peasant revolt in Flanders .

1325: 1325, Mansa Musa's troops recapture recaptured Gao . (the richest man who ever lived?)

1326 1332 - Polish / Teutonic War

1329 – Battle of Pelekanon – The Ottomans defeat the last Byzantine attempt to defend Asia Minor/
1328–31 – Siege of Nicaea – Ottomans capture the city of Nicaea.
1332 – Battle of Rusokastro – Bulgarians defeat the Byzantines.
1333–37 – Siege of Nicomedia – Fall of Nicomedia to the Ottomans.

1337 to 1453 - The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts waged from

1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the French House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.

1337–1360 - the Edwardian War (1337–1360) Phase 1 of The Hundred Years War,

1340 - Battle of Sluys - massive naval victory of the English over France, even though the Brits were outnumbered in ships.

1341–1365 - War of the Breton Succession .

1352 - Bosporus,

1352 - Didymoteichon,

1354 – Fall of Gallipoli – Capture of Gallipoli by the Ottomans, first Ottoman stronghold in Europe.

1356–1369 - the War of the Two Peters in Aragon

1362 - The Battle of Bluewaters .

1365 - Adrianople,

1366 – Reconquest of Gallipoli – Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy, recovers Gallipoli for the Byzantines.

1366–1369 - The Castilian Civil War .

1366 - Gallipoli,

1368–72 - Lithuanian–Muscovite War . the beginnings of dozens of wars and battles waged by the "Grand Duchy of Moscow" over several centuries, ending with Fifth Muscovite-Lithuanian War (1534–1537) .

1369–1389- the Caroline War . Phase 2 of The Hundred Years War.

1378 to 1417 THE WESTERN SCHISM (rival Popes). Western Schism, also called Great Schism or Great Western Schism, in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the period when there were two, and later three, rival popes, each with his own following, his own Sacred College of Cardinals, and his own administrative offices.

1380 - Battle of Kulikovo Field .

1381 - The Peasants' Revolt - The Peasants' Revolt was a rebellion of peasants in England, June 15th: Tyler meets the king. Tyler is killed. King Richard II orders his troops to destroy the rebels, and they kill over a thousand.

1382 Battle of Roosebeke, the oriflamme, The French against the Flemings, because they were Urbanists and thus viewed by the French as schismatics.

THE LOLLARDS.

1382 to 1395 - Wycliffe's Bible published.

1383–85 - The crisis in Portugal.

1384: John Wycliffe dies.

1356 - The Battle of Poitiers .

1389: Battle of Kossovo or, Kosovo ,

1390 – Fall of Philadelphia – Ottomans capture Philadelphia, the last Byzantine stronghold in Asia .

1396: The Battle of Nicopolis . The Hungarian Crusade against the Turks was organized by the King of Hungary.

15th century: (1401 AD to 1500 AD).

Phase 3 of The Hundred Years War.

1402: Battle of Ankara: Timur's Near Destruction of the Ottoman Empire.

1410 Catholics burn at the stake the Lollard John Badby -

1411 – Siege of Constantinople: – Ottomans besiege Constantinople.

1415–1453 - the Lancastrian War

1415: The Council of Constance declare John Wycliffe a heretic on 4 May, and banned his writings, effectively both excommunicating him retroactively and making him an early forerunner of Protestantism. The Council decreed that Wycliffe's works should be burned and his bodily remains removed from consecrated ground. carried out in 1428 by Pope Martin V,

1415: Jan Hus (John Huss) burnt at the stake (founded the Hussites) Supported the teachings of Wycliffe of England, Hus spoke out against indulgences.

1415 - Battle of Agincourt.

1419-1434 Hussite Wars, Battle of Lipany - European Wars of Religion DOCUMENTARY https://youtu.be/2ZQwkX3euFg

5 ANTI HUSSITE CRUSADES (from Pope).

1420 - The 1st Hussite Crusade. Pope Martin V, issued a bull on 17 March 1420 - proclaiming a crusade "for the destruction of the Wycliffites, Hussites and all other heretics in Bohemia". (Please notice the warper historical emphasis on the Hussies when many pre-Reformation Protestants were in fact also the target). The Siege of Prague. (see Battle of Vyšehrad). the Battle of Sudoměř: (25 March 1420), Sigismund was defeated at the Battle of Vítkov Hill on July 1420.

1421 - The 2nd Anti-Hussite Crusade: Sigismund took possession of the town of Kutná Hora but was decisively defeated by Jan Žižka at the Battle of Deutschbrod (Německý Brod) on 6 January 1422. (Civil war in Bohemia - Jan Želivský beheaded).

1422 - The 3rd Hussite Crusade: Popacy calls for a new 3rd crusade against Bohemia, but it resulted in complete failure, After several military successes gained by Žižka in 1423 and the following year, a treaty of peace between the Hussite factions was concluded on 13 September 1424 at Libeň, a village near Prague, now part of that city.

1422 – Siege of Constantinople – Ottomans besiege Constantinople

1422–30 – Siege of Thessalonica – Ottomans besiege and capture Thessalonica (after 1423 held by Venice).

1425 1454 - Wars in Lombardy.

1426 - 1427 - The 4th Hussite Crusade: Hussite forces, led by Prokop and Sigismund Korybut, signally defeated the invaders in the Battle of Aussig. Pope Martin V, to believe that the Hussites were much weakened. Martin proclaimed yet another crusade in 1427. He appointed Cardinal Henry Beaufort of England as Papal Legate of Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia, to lead the crusader forces.. The crusaders were defeated at the Battle of Tachov. But after a few years, Korybut returned to Poland with his men. Korybut and his Poles, however, did not really want to leave; but the Pope threatened to call a crusade against Poland if they did not.

1427 - Echinades,

1427 – Battle of the Echinades.

1428 – 1429 - The Siege of Orléans.

1428. John Wycliffe's corpse is exhumed and burned and the ashes cast into the River Swift,

1431 - Catholics burn Joan of Arc (then later make her a saint).

1431 - 1439. The 5th Hussite Crusade: n 1 August 1431 a large army of crusaders under Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg, accompanied by Cardinal Cesarini as papal legate, crossed the Bohemian border. On 8 August the crusaders reached the city of Domažlice and began besieging it. On 14 August, a Hussite relief army arrived, reinforced with some 6,000 Polish Hussites and under the command of Prokop the Great, and it completely routed the crusaders at the resulting Battle of Domažlice. As the legend has it, upon seeing the Hussite banners and hearing their battle hymn, "Ktož jsú boží bojovníci" ("Ye Who are Warriors of God"), the invading Papal forces immediately took to flight.

1434 - the Battle of Lipany. war again broke out between the Utraquists and the Taborites. On 30 May 1434, the Taborite army, led by Prokop the Great and Prokop the Lesser, who both fell in the battle, was totally defeated and almost annihilated. The Polish Hussite movement also came to an end.

1439 - the Battle of Grotniki, - Polish royal troops under Władysław III of Varna defeated the Hussites. bringing the Hussite Wars to an end.

1440–46 - The Old Zurich War .

1447-1448 - Albanian-Venetian War

1453 – Fall of Constantinople – Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II captures Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire. (some now declare Moscow the "New Rome")

1450 - Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press.

1453 - Muslims capture Constantinople. Many Orthodox flee to Russia, some Orthodox say "Moscow is the 3d Rome" (schism in Orthodoxy? as many would deny this??) until 1917.

1455 1485 - Wars of the Roses.

1454 -1466 - Thirteen Years' War.

1455 1485 - Wars of the Roses.

1460 - Pope Pius II calls for a Crusade against the Ottomans, but it never materializes. It is almost as doctrinally significant calling for a Crusade that never happens as it is to call for one that does happen. A list should therefore be compiled of "Crusades called for that never happened". All this goes to prove Orthodoxy and Catholicism both teach the heresy that Jesus taught war.

1461 - The Battle of Towton. War of the Roses, England. The bloodiest battle in British history.

1461 – Siege of Trebizond – Sultan Mehmed II captures Trebizond, ending the Empire of Trebizond:

1462 - The Battle of Targoviste - a night attack, fought between the armies of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II and Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia. Better known as “Vlad the Impaler” or “Dracula,” The real Vlad was a hardened veteran of the long Ottoman conquest of the Balkans.

1463-1718 - Ottoman–Venetian Wars :

1475 - The Battle of Vaslui (also referred to as the Battle of Podul Înalt or the Battle of Racova) was fought on 10 January 1475, between Stephen III (Catholic) of Moldavia and the Ottoman governor of Rumelia (Muslim), Hadım Suleiman Pasha. Stephen inflicted a decisive defeat on the Ottomans, described as "the greatest ever secured by the Cross (???) against Islam," with casualties, according to Venetian and Polish records, reaching beyond 40,000 on the Ottoman side.

1476/7 - Vlad the Impaler (Catholic) dies in battle.

1478 - Spanish Inquisition starts (lasting 300 years!).

1479 - the battle of Breadfield (Câmpul Pâinii 1479),

1480 Siege of Otranto , 813 Catholic martyrs refused to convert to Islam when the city fell to an Ottoman force under Gedik Ahmed Pasha.

1480 - Ugra River Standoff . Tatar Yoke finally broken .

1481 - 20,000 Converos confess to heresy, naming others, hundreds executed.

1481-1492 - Spanish Christian / Muslim war.

1482 - Pope Sextus appoints Inquisition council. Auto-da-Fe (public confession) commences.

1485 - Public kill two holy inquisitors. Torquemada rounds up the killers and burn 42 at the stake.

1486 - the book Malleus Maleficarum, "The Hammer of the Witches" is published. Catholics blame witches for bad weather.

1492 - Fall of Granada: Spain is regained.

1493 - Battle of Krbava .

1495: The beginning of "The Great Syphilis Pandemic" , usually attributed as having been brought back with Columbus. Called "The Great Pox” it is said to have resulted in 5 million + deaths, and was largely spread by the troops of Charles VIII of France but were he and his troops Catholic considering his conflicts with Pope Alexander?

1496–1499 = Russo-Swedish War

1498 (23 May) - Girolamo Savonarola is burnt.

16th Century: (1501 AD to 1600 AD).

1500 - Battle Of Hemmingstedt, - was an attempt by king John of Denmark and his brother Duke Frederick, who were co-dukes of Schleswig and Holstein, to subdue the peasantry of Dithmarschen, who had established a peasants' republic on the coast of the North Sea. John was at the time also king of the Kalmar Union

1509 1512 - Ottoman Civil War.

15:12 - The Battle of Ravenna .a major battle of the War of the League of Cambrai. It pitted forces of the Holy League against France and their Ferrarese allies. Although the French and Ferrarese decimated the Papal-Spanish forces,

1513: The Battle of the Spurs or Battle of Guinegate .

15:14 - Battle of Chaldiran.

NEW TEXT BOX.

THE REFORMATION :

It is in this Century the Catholics compiled the Index Librorum Prohibitorum or massive list of books banned to be read, but I am unable to trace when it first began.

1517 - Martin Luther issues the ninety-five theses

1520 - The troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles 5th are kept busy battling invasions of the Ottoman Empire, probably preventing a massacre of new Protestants, or clamping down on their influence.

Conquistadores begin their massacres.

1519 to 1521 - Hernán Cortés waged a brutal campaign against the Aztec Empire, ruled by Moctezuma II.

1521-1526 - Four Years War.

1522 - The Affair of the Sausages = was the event that sparked the Reformation in Zürich.

1524-1525 - The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt was a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525. It failed because of the intense opposition by the aristocracy, who slaughtered up to 100,000 of the 300,000 poorly armed peasants and farmers.[1] The survivors were fined and achieved few, if any, of their goals.

1525 - The Battle of Pavia, the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–1526 between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg empire of Charles V . French are defeated.

1526 - Battle of Mohacs, The Ottomans broke the Hungarian Kingdom.

1529 1532 - Inca Civil War.

1530? - Francisco de Vitoria (Catholic) refines Catholic "Rules of just war".

1531 1572 - Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.

1531: Siege of Diu .

1533 - 1547 (approx) - King Henry VIIIth of England enforces his idea of "The Middle Way", executing, imprisoning or persecuting anyone not complying wether Catholic or Protestant. This refutes the Catholic lie that "The church of England started in the bed of Henry VIIIth" as Henry was preaching neither Catholic nor Protestant ideas and was as much likely to execute Catholics as he was to execute Protestants, like William Tyndale, Anne Askew and the radical Protestant Cromwell.

1534-1536 - Count's War.

1536 - Henry the VIIIth kills Protestant William Tyndale, who is strangled (regains consciousness) and burnt 6 October 1536 (aged 42),

1536 (May) - Portuguese Inquisition begins. victims perhaps mainly Jews and Moors, named "new christians" (anusim / conversos) suspected of faking conversion to escape death or persecution, but many others were also accused of witchcraft or heresy. This includes persecution of the sect "The Order of the Holy Spirit".

Disbanded 31 March 1821

1537 1548: Conquistador Civil War in Peru.

1538-1560: Ottoman–Portuguese war ,

1538: Battle of Diu 1538 . massive naval battle.

1542 - Roman Universal Inquisition established to combat Protestants.

1545 - Spanish Index of heretical books formed.

1545 - Massacre of Mérindol - Catholics murder thousands of Waldensians. (see 1655)

1547 - Ivan the Terrible conquers Tatar lands (shoe on the other foot)

1546 - Schmalkaldic War.

1552 - Siege of Kazan . Russia versus Khanate of Kazan.

1554 - 1557 - Russo-Swedish War.

1556 - The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556, between the Hindu emperor of north India Hem Chandra Vikramaditya and forces of Akbar.

1558 - 1583 - Livonian War - Ivan the Terrible defeated by Sweden .

1559-1560 - Anglo Scottish War.

1562 (t0 1598) - First War of Religion. The French Wars of Religion were a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in France between 1562 t0 1598.

1563 - 1564 - Burmeseâ / Siamese War.

1563 - Foxes Book of Martyrs is published.

1568 - 1648 - Eighty Years' War.

1567-1568 - Second War of Religion.

1568-1570 - Third War of Religion.

1571 1571 - Russo-Crimean War.

1570 1573 - Ottoman / Venetian War.

1570 - New World Inquisition - e,g, Lutherans in Peru burnt

1570-1571 - The Siege of Famagusta - happened in Venetian-controlled Famagusta, the last Christian possession in Cyprus. Famagusta fell to the Ottomans 1571.

1571 - Battle of Lepanto: This was a massive naval battle fought on October 7, 1571 in the gulf separating mainland Greece and the Peloponnese. The Ottoman Empire was intent on dominating the Mediterranean and had recently taken the island of Cyprus from the Venetians. In response, Pope Pius V formed a coalition known as the Holy League,

1571 ? - Moscow burnt .

1572 - Battle of Molodi .

1572 - St. Bartholomew's Day massacre .

1572-1573 - Fourth War of Religion.

1574-1576 - Fifth War of Religion.

1576-1577 - Sixth War of Religion.

1578 - The 1578 edition of the Directorium Inquisitorum is published.

1579-1580 - Seventh War of Religion.

1581 - Ivan the Terrible murders his own son.

1582 - Yermak Timofeyevich conquers Tatars .

1582 - Gregorian Calendar is introduced by the Pope, fuelling a continual division with Eastern Orthodoxy.

1585-1590: Queen Elizabeth I Pirate ships rob Spain, who had in turn robbed South America. The jolly roger flag was very sarcastically similar the the Pope's miter and crossed keys symbol. Remember that in 1504 Portugese ships had regularly plundered Arab ships with a blockade of the red sea leading into the Indian Ocean.

1585-1598 - Eighth War of Religion.

1586-1589: Ottoman–Portuguese war 2 :

1588 - The war of the three Henry's.

1588 - the Spanish Armada is sunk by God. (storms)

1589-1598 - Ninth War of Religion..

1595 - Battle of Calugareni - saw a Turkish army of up to 40,000 confronted by around 15,000 Romanians led by Michael the Brave. The Romanians were defending a narrow bridge over the Neajlov River, which the Turks needed to take to continue their advance.

1596 - Battle of Keresztes, The Ottoman Empire wins a surprise late victory.

17th Century: (1601 AD to 1700 AD).

1601-1604: Siege Of Ostende . Eighty Years War . called: "New Troy"

1600 1611 - Polish / Swedish War.

1601 - 1613 - The Time of Troubles in Russia.

1611 - the King James version of the Bible is printed.

1602 1661 - Dutch / Portuguese War.

1612 - Liberation of Moscow . (commemorated on Russian national unity day)

1613 - beginning of the rule of the Romanovs .

1614 - Christianity is outlawed in Japan.

1617: Sack of Madeira - Algerian pirates take 1,200 as slaves.

1618-1648 - The 30 Years War: was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history,[24] it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. Initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy Roman Empire, it gradually developed into a more general conflict involving most of the European great powers.

1633 - Roman Inquisition case of Galileo.

1634 1638 - Pequot War.

1635 1659 - Franco-Spanish War.

1637 - The Shimabara Revolt.

1640 1701 - Beaver Wars (Iroquois).

1641 - The Irish Rebellion.

1642 1646 - First English Civil War.

1646 - Treaty of Westphalia,

1648 1649 - Second English Civil War.

1649 - The Sobornoye Ulozheniye is initiated, the legal code promulgated by the Zemsky Sobor under Tsar Alexis 1st of Russia as a replacement for the Sudebnik of 1550 introduced by Ivan IV of Russia. One of the most terrible moments in history turning Russian peasants into surfs or in effect slaves, their status inherited by their children, with no freedom to travel or choose their "employer". note Alexis of Russia was Orthodox who supported the Nikon changes, his evils also include war as usual with Orthodox rulers.

1649 1651 - Third English Civil War.

1649: First High Court of Justice trial of a King.

1652 1654 - First Anglo-Dutch War.

1654 - the Patriarch Nikon versus the Old Believers Schism occurs, leading to much persecution of the old believers, partly over the introduction of a new hand position to do the Trinitarian formula cross sign.

1654 - Treaty of Pereyaslav .

1654 - 1667 - The 13 Years War in Russia

1654 1660 - Anglo-Spanish War.

1655 - The Piedmont Massacre of the Waldensians, exceptionally brutal. Tortured similar to Vlad the impaler. (see 1545). Prompting John Milton's poem on the Waldenses, "On the Late Massacre in Piedmont" .

1655 1655 - Peach Tree War (Susquehannock).

1656 - Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch Macarios III Zaim lamented over the atrocities committed by the Polish Catholics against followers of Eastern Orthodoxy

1660 - Martyrs Mirror (or The Bloody Theatre) first published in Holland in by Thieleman J. van Braght, Anabaptists martyrs.

1666 - 1st Covenanter's Rebellion.

1671 - Stenka Razin executed in Russia for an uprising .

1675 1676 - King Philip's War.

1679 - 2nd Covenanter's Rebellion.

1683 1699 - Great Turkish War.

1683 - The Siege / Battle of Vienna - The breaking of the siege of Vienna in 1683 effectively halted the Ottoman advance into Western Europe for good and marked the peak of the Ottoman-Habsburg War, which lasted from about 1526 to 1791.

1685 - 3rd Covenanter's Rebellion.

1685 - Old Believers Schism - After 1685, a period of persecutions began, including both torture and executions.

1686 - Treaty of Eternal Peace signed .

1688 1697 - Nine Years' War including King William's War.

1689 1692 - Jacobean Rising in Scotland.

1697 - Battle of Zenta, the Ottoman army is annihilated by the Holy League imperial army led by Prince Eugene of Savoy, ending the steady rise of the Ottoman Empire, who suffered an overwhelming defeat by an army half as large sent by Emperor Leopold I.

BRITISH EMPIRE = (late 17th Century to early 19th century, almost all gaining independence by the end of WW2. In essence the British spent the resources gained from a corrupt Empire to fund stopping the Germans taking over Europe in two World Wars, and whereas they had much to repent of with slavery, they also stopped Sati in India., and later released all slaves)

18th Century: (1701 AD to 1800 AD).
1700 - Treaty of Constantinople .

1700 - Peter 1 imposes a beard tax in Russia . Later he is declared "Peter the Great"

1700-1721 - Great Northern War: Swedish Empire against Russia.

1701- 1714 - War of the Spanish Succession: Spanish loyal to Charles, Austria, Prussia, Hanover, Great Britain, Dutch Republic against Spanish loyal to Philip, France, Bavaria.

1702-1713 - Queen Anne’s War (Part of the War of Spanish Succession)

Great Britain against Spain.

1711 - 1715 - Tuscarora War.

1712 1716 - First Fox War.

1714-1718: Ottoman–Venetian War .

1715 1717 - Yamasee War.

1721 1763 - Chickasaw Wars.

1728 1733 - Second Fox War.

1730 - Codex Casanatensis was a compendious work written and compiled for use by Franciscan inquisitors in Tuscany.

1733-1738 - War of Polish Succession: Polish supporters of Stanisław I Leszczyński, France. Spain, Sardinia, Parma against Polish supporters of Augustus II, Russian Empire, Hapsburg Empire, Saxony, Prussia,

1739-1748 - War of Jenkins Ear: (Became part of the War of Austrian Succession) Great Britain against Spain.

1740-1742 - First Silesian War: (Part of the War of Austrian Succession)

Hapsburg Empire against Prussia. Fought about a female heir, The first of many wars through Frederick the Great

1741-1747 - Italian Campaigns: (Part of the War of Austrian Succession)

Spain, Naples, France against Hapsburg Empire, Prussia.

1744-1745 - Second Silesian War: (Part of the War of Austrian Succession)

Hapsburg Empire against Prussia.

1744-1748 - King George’s War: (Part of the War of Austrian Succession)

Great Britain against France.

1745-1746 - Jacobite Uprising: (The Forty-Five)

Great Britain against Jacobites, France.

1746-1748 - First Carnatic War: (Part of the War of Austrian Succession)

Great Britain against France, Mughal Empire.

1748-1754 - Second Carnatic War: Great Britain against Mughal Empire.

1754- 1763 - French and Indian War: (Became Part of the Seven Years War)

Great Britain against France.

1756-1763 - Seven Years War: (Third Silesian War) Prussia, Hanover, Great Britain, Brunswick against France, Austria, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Saxony, Mughal Empire.

1759 - Battle of Plains of Abraham (Battle for Canada - Seven Years War)

1757-1762 - Pomeranian War: (Part of the Seven Years War)

Prussia against Sweden.

1759 - Battle of Kunersdorf .

1758-1763 - Third Carnatic War: (Became Part of the Seven Years War)

Great Britain against France, Mughal Empire.

1758 1761 - Anglo-Cherokee War.

1762 - Catherine II of Russia helps kill of her husband?

1763 1766 - Pontiac's War.

1768 - 1774 - Russo vs Turkish War . (Catherine II)

1773-1774 - Pugachev Revolt .(Catherine II)

1775 - Zaporozhian Cossacks forced into Russian Empire Catherine II

1775-1783 - American Revolutionary War: (American War of Independence)

United States, France, Spain against Great Britain.

1776 1794 - Chickamauga Wars.

1783 - Crimean Khanate Annexed - completing NovoRossiya (new Russia) Catherine II

1784 - Catherine II conquers / grabs part of Poland ,

1791 - Pale of Settlement, Catherine II segregates Jews from society .

1779 1783 - Anglo-Spanish War.

1785 1795 - Northwest Indian War.

1787-1792 - Austro-Turkish War: Austrian Empire against Ottoman Empire

1787-1792 - Second Russo-Turkish War: Russian Empire against Ottoman Empire.

1789-1799 - The French Revolution: French Royalists against French Republicans.

1791 1804 - Haitian Revolution.

1792-1797 - War of the First Coalition: (French Revolutionary Wars) (Precursor to the Napoleonic Wars) France against Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Sardinia, Naples, Sicily.

1798-1799 - Egypt Campaign: (Precursor to the Napoleonic Wars)

France against Great Britain, Ottoman Empire.

1798-1802 - War of the Second Coalition: (Part of the Napoleonic Wars)

France against Austria, Russia, Turkey, United Kingdom, Portugal, Naples.

19th Century: (1801 AD to 1900 AD) .

1803 1815 - The Napoleonic Wars.

1803 - Souliote War:

1803 - 1815 - 3 Ottoman invasions of Mani.

1804 1813 - Russo-Persian War.

1806 - Dissolution of The Holy Roman Empire. It had had survived over a thousand years when it was finally destroyed by Napoleon and the French in 1806.

1808 - Battle of Bailen, Catholic Spanish troops surround Napoleon's French troops, forcing 18,000 to surrender, later starving to death about 9,000 of them. Napoleon ordered the end of the Spanish Inquisition (see 1834).

1808 1810 - Rum Rebellion.

1808-1809 - Finnish Russian war

1808 1833 - Spanish American wars of independence.

1810 1821 - Mexican War of Independence.

1812 - The war of 1812 - was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies. Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theater of the Napoleonic Wars; in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right, though it was separate. From the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the US contested as illegal under international law.

1812 - Battle of Borodino - the bloodiest battle in the Napoleonic wars, The Orthodox troops were blessed by Orthodox priests and bishops, as usual. Napoleon won, but the Russian army escaped, refused to negotiate after Moscow was taken, and the freezing weather trekking home destroyed Napoleon's army.

1813 1814 - Creek War.(Alabama USA).

1817-1864 - Caucasian War (Russo)

1817 1858 - Seminole Wars.

1818 1828 - Zulu Wars of Conquest.

1820 1875 - Texas / Indian wars.

1821 1848 - Comanche / Mexico War.

1821 - 1832 - Greek War of Independence: (many battles).

1823 - Greek civil wars:

1825 - Decemberists Revolt is defeated - leads to Emperor Nicholas I forming a triple state system of Autocracy/Orthodoxy/Nationality (leaving a huge percentage of the people still serfs)

1825 1830 - Java War.

1826 - Cayetano Ripoll is the last person executed by the Roman Catholic Holy Inquisition.

1826-28 Russo Persian war

1827 1827 - Winnebago War.

1828-1829 Russo Turkish War .

1832 1832 - Black Hawk War.

1832 - the Treaty of Constantinople.

1834 - Only now the inquisition is finally defunct after France helps defeat rebellion,

1835 1836 - Texas Revolution.

1839 1842 - First Opium War.

1841 - Cretan Revolt against Ottoman Empire:

1845 - Manifest Destiny, a phrase coined in 1845, expressed the philosophy that drove 19th-century U.S. territorial expansion. Manifest Destiny held that the United States was destined—by God, its advocates believed—to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent.

1846 1864 - Navajo Wars.

1846 1848 - Mexican-American War.

1847 - War of the Sonderbund.

1848-1849 Hungarian Revolt .

1849 1924 - Apache Wars. .

1850 1865 - California Indian Wars .

1851-1864 - Taiping Rebellion.

1853-1856 - Crimean War.

1854 - Epirus: Greek revolt against Ottoman Empire.

1854-1864 - Tukulor/French war.

1858-1898 - many Cretan Revolts against the Ottoman Empire.

1861 - Emancipation of Russian Serfs (but still trapped in poverty)

1861 1865 - American Civil War.

1864 1868 - Snake War.

1866 1868 - Red Cloud's War.

1867 1875 - Comanche Campaign.

1876-1878 - Serbo Turkish War.

1876 1877 - Great Sioux War (Black Hills War).

1877 1877 - Nez Perce War.

1877-1878 - Russo Turkish War.

1878 - Revolts in Thessaly, Macedonia and Epirus against Ottoman's.

1878 1879 - Cheyenne War.

1879 1879 - Sheepeater Indian War.

1879 1880 - Victorio's War.

1882 - The Triple Alliance .

1887 -1889 Italo-Ethiopian War .

1897 - Greco-Turkish War:

1898 - The Battle of Omdurman - in Sudan.

1899 1901 - Boxer Rebellion.

1899 1902 - Second Boer War

NEW TEXT BOX

20th Century: (1901 AD to 2000 AD) .

1904-1905 - The Russo-Japanese war. It has been suggested the real reason for this was that the autocratic Czar Nicholas II, had become unpopular and started this war simply to deflect criticism from himself. As this is argued as setting the stage for World War 1 and thus later World War 2 Nicholas II (known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer) has much to answer for! And totally proves the connection between Eastern Orthodoxy and war, and their claims on pacifism are entirely false!

1904-1908 - Herero and Nama genocide - committed by the Germans in Africa which may well have influenced Hitler later on, as it was also committed to make "Lebensraum" colonialist land grabbing by settlers, as in Mein Kampf.

1904-1908 - The Greek Struggle in Macedonia: Greek battles with Bulgarians

1905 - Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government. It included worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies., and killing of Jews.

1905-1906 - Theriso revolt :

1910 1921 - Mexican Revolution.

1912-1913 - Balkan Wars:

1914–1918 - World War 1, Tzar of Russia takes command of his "Orthodox army", is defeated, and is blamed for the defeats, then assassinated.

Top 10 events.

1) Crown prince assassinated -

2) War is declared -

3) Battle of the Marne -

4) Gallipoli Campaign -

5) Verdun, the longest battle

6) The Somme, the bloodiest battle

7) United States enters the war - ...

8) French soldiers mutiny - see the Kubrick film "Paths of Glory"

9) Revolution in Russia . The Brest-Litovsk treaty that follows in March is a disaster for Russia.

10) Armistice .

1917 1923 - Russian Civil War /

1917-1918 - Estonian War of Independence

link:

Estonian War of Independence animated .

Russian Revolution 1917 .

the revolution in the Russian empire in 1917, in which the tsarist regime was overthrown and replaced by Bolshevik rule under Lenin. Some say Communists murdered between 12 and 20 million Orthodox and others calling themselves Christians.

1918: Battle of Imbros: Mediterranean Theater

1918: Battle of Skra-di-Legen : Balkans Campaign / Macedonian Front

19:18: Battle of Doiran: Balkans Campaign / Macedonian Front

1919-1923 - Greco-Turkish War:

1919 1921 - Irish War of Independence.

1923 - Corfu incident:

1925 - Incident at Petrich:

1927 1951 - Chinese Civil War.

1931 japan invades manchuria.

1932–1933 - The Terror Famine or The Great Famine, : (Holodomor in Ukraine) induced by bad decision making by Stalin such as collectivization, It has been estimated that between 3.3 and 3.9 million died in Ukraine, between 2 and 3 million died in Russia, and 1.5-2 million died in Kazakhstan.

1936-1938 - The Great Terror: also known as Yezhovschina or The Great Purge, Historians estimate the total number of deaths due to Stalinist repression in 1937–38 to be between 950,000 and 1.2 million.

1935-1937. -The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Italian expansionism.

1936-1939 - Spanish Civil War.

1937 Sino Japanese War - Japan invades China, as civil war weakens the Chinese. They massacre the population.

1938 anschluss with Austria.

1939–1945 - World War 2, The Russians, Greeks, and many other predominantly Eastern Orthodox countries fought in World War 2. I have yet to hear of a massive doctrinal pacifist objection being put forward by the Eastern Orthodox church or clergy. The EOC want to have their cake and eat it, they want to claim to be pacifists, then claim their priests are empowered to forgive you if you kill in wars and bless the troops. This kind of oxymoronic contradictions continually appear in Eastern Orthodox theology. If you ask most Orthodox they simply think the EOC believe in war just as the Catholics do.

Some WW2 Top Events:

23 August 1939 The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

1) Germany invade Poland and starts WW2. September 1, 1939.

Russian and Germany agreed first to divide up Poland between them. It should be remembered Russia (17 September 1939) and Germany started WW2 by these attacks, not just Germany. The Russians then murdered 22,000 intellectuals in the Katyn massacre. .

November 1939, the Soviet Union also invaded Finland.

October 1939 Soviet Union invades Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

2) Battle of the Atlantic (sub war): September 1939—May 1943

3) Battle of France (esp Ardennes attack), May to June 1940.

note: The entire Ardennes attack could have been crushed if General Philippe Pétain had not ignored his own spotter plane reconnaissance that the German army was trapped in a long bottleneck trying to enter the Ardennes forest.

June 28 to July 4, 1940 =The Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

4) Battle of Britain (air battle), July to October 1940.

5) Italy attack Greece, Mussolini was already in Albania, October 28, 1940,

6) Operation Barbarossa - June 22, 1941

The turning point of World War 2. Up until this point Germany, Italy and Russia had been invading other countries. Russia switch sides.

7) Japanese Sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

8) The Second Battle of El Alamein. 23 October 1942, Monte defeats Rommel

9) Battle of Moscow, October 1941 to January 1942

10) Battle of Midway, June 1942

11) Battle of Stalingrad, July 1942 to February 1943

12) Battle of Kursk, July to August 1943

13) Battle of Kohima. 4 April – 22 June 1944. turning point of Great Britain versus Japan on land in WW2 .and Battle of Imphal - March until July 1944..

14) D-Day. The Normandy Landings, June to August 1944

15) Battle of the Bulge: December 1944—January 1945

16) Battle of Berlin, April to May 1945.

17) The Atom bomb - Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 6 and 9 August 1945

18) Aftermath - Soviet Iron Curtain - Soviets took over the governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania — were made into republics. Even Finland was partly controlled . Russia took a large portion of Poland and Poland in return was given a large portion of Germany. It was as if the entire country of Poland was slid across the earth to the west. Only since reunification has Germany renounced their claim on the land that was formerly theirs.

VOCABULARY 1: a - h

Eastern Orthodox Christian. com

a gold mine of information about Eastern Orthodoxy.

POST SCHISM - Byzantine wars and battles.

1260 AD - The Battle of Kressenbrunn: was fought in July 1260 near Groissenbrunn in Lower Austria between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary for the possession of the duchies of Austriaand Styria.