WHAT IS SO CALLED "HELL":

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In the English Language the word Hell has come to represent the eternal dwelling place of the damned, thus it is synonymous with the Lake of Fire, and by extension therefore with Hades, as is seen in the KJV bible. However Hades and the Lake of eternal Fire are different, but some might argue the same place, but how can you "cast Dea and Hades" in the Lake of Fire (Hell) if they are the same place? Yet the KJV translates Hades as "Hell". I feel this is one of the very few flaws in the KJV version.

HOW THE BIBLE DESCRIBES HELL:

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in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death. Rev 21:8
The environment - it is a Lake
the substance - sulphur and fire

"And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell." Matthew 10:28
the body is physical - Jesus compares it to the one you have now, only capable of eternal torment

"And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands (or feet, or eyes) to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched:" (Mark 9:43-48)
first notice it says you have a physical body in Hell, hands, feet, eyes, etc.
that the fire goes on for everlasting time
that their bodies have worms in them.

And these shall go away into everlasting punishment. Matthew 25:46
it is punishment, forever

"in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death."  Rev 21:8

"And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth." Matthew 13:50 - 
a furnace - it appears that even the most common sort of torment in Hell is compared to a furnace, quite terrible when you think there are degrees of Hell (see Chorazin scripture, and also devouring widows houses).

"Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done, because they repented not: Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works, which were done in you, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment, than for you. 
And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. But I say unto you, That it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment, than for thee.At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight."  Matthew 11:20-26
more tolerable - there are degrees of torment in a lost eternity.

"Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation." Matthew 23:14 (Luke 20:47) (Mark 12:40)
​the greater damnation - there are degrees of torment in the Lake of Fire.

"And death and hell (Hades) were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death."  Revelation 20:14 

"Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power;"  2 Thessalonians 1: 9 

"For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell (Greek = "Caverns of Gloom" and Tartarosas or Tartarus), and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment;" 2 Peter 2:4
it is dark in Tartarosas and "The Caverns of Gloom" 

"And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day. Even as Sodom and Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire." Jude 6-7.
demons chained in Hades, under darkness - 
the fire is described as vengeance, eternal vengeance - 


"And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet [are], and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever." Revelation 20:10 

"And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand, The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name. Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.............And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God." Rev 14: 9-19
smoke - as well as fire and sulphur


"And in hell (Hades) he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame." Luke 16:23-24
tormented
eternally thirsty

"And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that [would come] from thence." Luke 16:26
Hades physical characteristic - the great gulf 

"[It is] a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God." Heb 10:31

"As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so shall it be in the end of this world. The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear." Matthew 13:40-43.
the angels cast the wicked into Hell -
into quote "a furnace of fire" 
they will wail -
they will gnash their teeth together -


THE NAMES OF THE LAKE OF FIRE & HADES?:
Sheol
Hades
Ghenna
Tartarus 
The Caverns of Gloom? - Jude

The Lake of Fire

The Second Death

In Matt 7:13 "The Apoleian" in Greek may be yet another name for Hell? (The Destruction). Some bibles translate the words as Hell.

HADES versus HELL:
OED
Hades |ˈheɪdiːz| Greek Mythology
the underworld; the land of the spirits of the dead.

Is the use of this word by God confirmation of the future location of what is called in modern English usage Hell, or the Lake of Fire? Under the surface of the New Earth? Hades appears to be perhaps best described as "the waiting place of those who will be damned" in the new testament, as Death and Hades is emptied into the Lake of Fire. 

 

HEBREW:

• Sheol (Hebrew: שְׁאוֹל — "underworld", "Hades"; "grave")

• Abaddon (Hebrew: אֲבַדּוֹן — "doom", "perdition")

• Be'er Shachat (Hebrew: בְּאֵר שַׁחַת, Be'er Shachath — "pit of corruption")

• Tit ha-Yaven (Hebrew: טִיט הַיָוֵן — "clinging mud")

• Sha'are Mavet (Hebrew: שַׁעֲרֵי מָוֶת, Sha'arei Maveth — "gates of death")

• Tzalmavet (Hebrew: צַלמָוֶת, Tsalmaveth — "shadow of death")

• Gehinnom (Hebrew: גֵיהִנוֹם, Gehinnom — "valley of Hinnom"; "Tartarus", "Purgatory")

Besides those mentioned above, there also exist additional terms that have been often used to either refer to Hell in general or to some region of the underworld:

• Azazel (Hebrew: עֲזָאזֵל, compd. of ez עֵז: "goat" + azal אָזַל: "to go away" — "goat of departure", "scapegoat"; "entire removal", "damnation")

• Dudael (Hebrew: דּוּדָאֵל — lit. "cauldron of God")

• Tehom (Hebrew: תְהוֹם — "abyss"; "sea", "deep ocean")[27]

• Tophet (Hebrew: תֹּפֶת or תוֹפֶת, Topheth — "fire-place", "place of burning", "place to be spit upon"; "inferno")[28][29]

• Tzoah Rotachat (Hebrew: צוֹאָה רוֹתֵחַת, Tsoah Rothachath — "boiling excrement")[30]

• Mashchit (Hebrew: מַשְׁחִית, Mashchith — "destruction", "ruin")

• Dumah (Hebrew: דוּמָה — "silence")

• Neshiyyah (Hebrew: נְשִׁיָּה — "oblivion", "Limbo")

• Bor Shaon (Hebrew: בּוֹר שָׁאוֹן — "cistern of sound")

• Eretz Tachtit (Hebrew: אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית, Erets Tachtith — "lowest earth").[31][32]

• Masak Mavdil (Hebrew: מָסָך מַבְדִּ֔יל, Masak Mabdil — "dividing curtain")

• Haguel (Ethiopic: ሀጉለ — "(place of) destruction", "loss", "waste")[33]

• Ikisat (Ethiopic: አክይስት — "serpents", "dragons"; "place of future punishment")[34][35]

For more information, see Qliphoth.

 SECOND DEATH:
"But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth." I Tim 5:6

 

WHAT DID GREEK AND OLD ENGLISH DEFINE?

define "HELL" remember Rev 20:14 "And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death." Is it possible "Hell" in Old Eng meant two things, the underworld in general and a place of torment. If so it would make sudden sense of this verse and redeem the KJV from attack on the issue. 

 

same with the Greek "Hades". Did these two words in both pre new testament cultures mean "the underworld in general and a place of torment". In Greek it seems so. Or are is this squirming to try to vindicate the KJV? Actually probably not.

 

QUOTES:

https://oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith/spirituality/the-kingdom-of-heaven/heaven-and-hell

 

quote

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Volume IV - Spirituality

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The Kingdom of Heaven

Heaven and Hell

 

The Ladder of Divine Ascent

The Kingdom of heaven is already in the midst of those who live the spiritual life. What the spiritual person knows in the Holy Spirit, in Christ and the Church, will come with power and glory for all men to behold at the end of the ages.

The final coming of Christ will be the judgment of all men. His very presence will be the judgment. Now men can live without the love of Christ in their lives. They can exist as if there were no God, no Christ, no Spirit, no Church, no spiritual life. At the end of the ages this will no longer be possible. All men will have to behold the Face of Him who “for us men and our salvation came down from heaven and was incarnate . . . who was crucified under Pontius Pilate, and suffered and was buried . . .” (Nicene Creed). All will have to look at Him whom they have crucified by their sins: Him “who was dead and is alive again” (Rev 1.17–18).

For those who love the Lord, His Presence will be infinite joy, paradise and eternal life. For those who hate the Lord, the same Presence will be infinite torture, hell and eternal death. The reality for both the saved and the damned will be exactly the same when Christ “comes in glory, and all angels with Him,” so that “God may be all in all” (1 Cor 15–28). Those who have God as their “all” within this life will finally have divine fulfillment and life. For those whose “all” is themselves and this world, the “all” of God will be their torture, their punishment and their death. And theirs will be “weeping and gnashing of teeth” (Mt 8.21, et al.).

The Son of Man will send His angels and they will gather out of His kingdom all causes of sin and all evil doers, and throw them into the furnace of fire; there men will weep and gnash their teeth. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the Kingdom of their Father (Mt 13.41–43).

According to the saints, the “fire” that will consume sinners at the coming of the Kingdom of God is the same “fire” that will shine with splendor in the saints. It is the “fire” of God’s love; the “fire” of God Himself who is Love. “For our God is a consuming fire” (Heb 12.29) who “dwells in unapproachable light” (1 Tim 6.16). For those who love God and who love all creation in Him, the “consuming fire” of God will be radiant bliss and unspeakable delight. For those who do not love God, and who do not love at all, this same “consuming fire” will be the cause of their “weeping” and their “gnashing of teeth.”

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Thus it is the Church’s spiritual teaching that God does not punish man by some material fire or physical torment. God simply reveals Himself in the risen Lord Jesus in such a glorious way that no man can fail to behold His glory. It is the presence of God’s splendid glory and love that is the scourge of those who reject its radiant power and light.

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. . . those who find themselves in hell will be chastised by the scourge of love. How cruel and bitter this torment of love will be! For those who understand that they have sinned against love, undergo no greater suffering than those produced by the most fearful tortures. The sorrow which takes hold of the heart, which has sinned against love, is more piercing than any other pain. It is not right to say that the sinners in hell are deprived of the love of God . . . But love acts in two ways, as suffering of the reproved, and as joy in the blessed! (Saint Isaac of Syria, Mystic Treatises).

This teaching is found in many spiritual writers and saints: Saint Maximus the Confessor, the novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky. At the end of the ages God’s glorious love is revealed for all to behold in the face of Christ. Man’s eternal destiny—heaven or hell, salvation or damnation—depends solely on his response to this love.

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"Where" is the Lake of Fire in Orthodoxy?

Just exactly in what location do the evil people on the Day of Judgement spend eternity? I do not want to put words in their mouths, but it sounds as if the Orthodox are saying "Revelation 22:15 But outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood."  is saying the saved are in the city of New Jerusalem, and outside, wandering around on the rest of the Earth, or perhaps just outside the walls, are Satan, the demons and the wicked, all feeling tortured by God's love. If not where exactly are they supposed to be?

 

LAZARUS AND HADES :
note: Orthodoxy seems to discount entirely the belief that some of the dead are in an unconscious state of "sleep" and others, like (perhaps) martyrs, are not. They seem to make a complete commitment to the concept that there is a realm of the dead called Hades, that is subdivided into a place called "Abraham's Bosom" and an area below it that is a torment zone, though some Protestants believe it is a parable not literal (Luke 16:19–31) and thus some believe many of those dead are in a state of sleep until the resurrection and the judgement day of the saved and unsaved.  

When Catholics pray that the angels may carry the soul of the departed to "Abraham's Bosom", sometimes from Limbo, they see Abraham himself as being now in heaven. However, the understanding of both Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy preserves the Bosom of Abraham as distinct from heaven.[25]


WHAT IS TARTARUS? ( 2 Peter 2:4.)

 

Tartarus occurs in the Septuagint translation of Job into Koine Greek, and in Hellenistic Jewish literature from the Greek text of 1 Enoch, dated to 400–200 BC. This states that God placed the archangel Uriel "in charge of the world and of Tartarus" (20:2). Tartarus is generally understood to be the place where 200 fallen Watchers (angels) are imprisoned.[23]

In Hypostasis of the Archons (also translated 'Reality of the Rulers'), an apocryphal gnostic treatise dated before 350 AD, Tartarus makes a brief appearance when Zōē (life), the daughter of Sophia (wisdom) casts Ialdabaōth (demiurge) down to the bottom of the abyss of Tartarus.[24]

Tartarus also appears in sections of the Jewish Sibylline Oracles. E.g. Sib. Or. 4:186.

In the New Testament, the noun Tartarus does not occur but tartaroō (ταρταρόω, "throw to Tartarus"), a shortened form of the classical Greek verb kata-tartaroō ("throw down to Tartarus"), does appear in 2 Peter 2:4. Liddell–Scott provides other sources for the shortened form of this verb, including Acusilaus (5th century BC), Joannes Laurentius Lydus (4th century AD) and the Scholiast on Aeschylus' Eumenides, who cites Pindar relating how the earth tried to tartaro "cast down" Apollo after he overcame the Python.[25] In classical texts, the longer form kata-tartaroo is often related to the throwing of the Titans down to Tartarus.[26]

The ESV is one of several English versions that gives the Greek reading Tartarus as a footnote:

"For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell [1] and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment;"

- Footnotes [1] 2:4 Greek Tartarus

Adam Clarke reasoned that Peter's use of language relating to the Titans was an indication that the ancient Greeks had heard of a Biblical punishment of fallen angels.[27] Some Evangelical Christian commentaries distinguish Tartarus as a place for wicked angels and Gehenna as a place for wicked humans on the basis of this verse.[28] Other Evangelical commentaries, in reconciling that some fallen angels are chained in Tartarus, yet some not, attempt to distinguish between one type of fallen angel and another.[29]

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Hippolytus (Against the Greeks 3 [A.D. 212]). quote 

 

 

this page is a complex issue and is under construction.
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